Battle Escalates Against Genetically Modified Crops
Home to a fast-growing network of farmers' markets, cooperatives and organic farms, but also the breeding ground for mammoth for-profit corporations that now hold patents to over 50 percent of the world's seeds, the United States is weathering a battle between Big Agro and a ripening movement for food justice and security.
Conflicting ideologies about agriculture have become ground zero for this war over the production, distribution and consumption of the world's food.
One camp – led by agro giants like Monsanto, DuPont and Syngenta – define successful agriculture and hunger alleviation as the use of advanced technologies to stimulate yields of mono-crops.
The other side argues that industrial agriculture pollutes, destroys and disrupts nature by dismissing the importance of relationships necessary for any ecosystem to thrive.
At the heart of this struggle is the debate about genetically modified organisms (GMOs), which were given the green light in 1990 when the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) stated, "(We) are not aware of any information showing that GMO foods differ from other foods in any meaningful or uniform way.
But a report released Wednesday by the Washington- based Food and Water Watch (FWW) on the destructive impacts of GMOs added fuel to a two-decades-long fight by farmers, economists and experts against the FDA's conclusions.
"Genetically Engineered Food: An Overview" details how the genetic engineering of seeds, crops and animals for human consumption is not the foolproof answer long championed by agribusiness and biotechnology industries to feeding the world.
To the contrary, the study found that genetically engineered/modified (GE/M) organisms do not out-perform their natural counterparts, and their proliferation into vast tracts of cropland have caused a slew of environmental and health crises, and actually increased poverty by forcing millions of farmers to "buy" patented seeds at exorbitant prices.
The report also says that three U.S. federal agencies – the FDA, the Department of Agriculture (USDA) and the Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) – are complicit in these crises due to shoddy oversight, weak enforcement of regulations and a complete absence of coordination.
It found that Big Agro spent half a billion dollars between 1999 and 2009 on lobbying to ease GE regulatory oversight, push GE approvals and prevent GE labeling.
This, after attorney Steven Druker in 1999 obtained 40,000 pages of FDA files containing "memorandum after memorandum warning about the hazards of (GE) food," including the likelihood that they contained, "toxins, carcinogens or allergens" and testified that GE foods violated "sound science and U.S. law".
Ceci King, a member of the Black Farmers and Agriculturalists Association, told IPS that in 2011, an estimated "60 to 70 percent of all processed foods in the U.S. contain at least one GE element."
Unstoppable proliferation?
According to the report, over 365 million acres of GE crops were cultivated in 29 countries in 2010 alone, representing 10 percent of global cropland.
"The United States is the world leader in GE crop production, with 165 million acres, or nearly half of global production," Patty Lovera, assistant director of FWW, told IPS.
"From only seven percent of soybean acres and one percent of corn acres in 1996, GE cultivation in the U.S. shot up to 94 percent of soybean and 88 percent of corn acres in 2011," she added.
The bulk of these crops came from seeds owned by Monsanto.
"Eighty-four percent of GM crops in the world today are herbicide- resistant soybeans, corn, cotton or canola, predominantly Monsanto's 'Roundup Ready' varieties that withstand dousing with herbicide," Bill Frees, science policy analyst at the Center for Food Safety (CFS) and author of 'Why GM Crops Will Not Feed the World', told IPS.
"Pesticide and chemical companies like Monsanto, DuPont, Syngenta, Dow and Bayer have bought up many of the world's largest seed companies, and now call themselves biotech companies - this represents a historic merger of the pesticide and seed industries, which allows them to profit twice by developing expensive GM seeds that increase use of the company's herbicide products," he added.
Seed patents, an off-shoot of the "agro-biotech revolution" that also spawned GE/M, have had two negative consequences since their original issuance by the U.S. Patent Office in the mid-1990s, Frees told IPS: "They enticed pesticide companies to buy up seed firms; and they led to criminalisation of seed-saving."
"Farmers have saved seeds from their harvest to replant the next year for millennia," he added. "Monsanto is changing that. The company has already sued thousands of farmers in the U.S. for saving and replanting its patented seeds and won an estimated 85 to 160 million dollars from farmers, in lawsuits that have ruined farmers' lives, and (partially explains) why we have ever fewer farmers in America."
The pushback
Ray Tricomo, a mentor at the Kalpulli Turtle Island Multiversity in Minnesota, told IPS, "People of colour must re-radicalise themselves and go on the offensive including the return to land bases, from Turtle Island to Africa and Asia."
"Ancient knowledge systems are to be painstakingly recovered, even if it takes centuries," he added.
And this is exactly what is happening.
Despite the deep pockets and aggressive efforts of Big Agro, a major pushback from a broad coalition of forces has limited 80 percent of GE/M planting to just three export-oriented countries: the U.S., Brazil and Argentina.
Nearly two dozen other countries, including the European Union and China, have passed mandatory GE/M labeling, and millions around the world are refusing seed patenting and developing seed banks to protect, share and preserve their seeds.
In Florida, the 4,000-strong Coalition of Immokalee Workers (CIW) is organising to resist farm wage-slavery and "seed-servitude". The Landless Workers Movement (MST) in Brazil has organised 400,000 peasants to join forces with the nearly half-billion farms around the world that are responsible for producing 70 percent of the world's food.
Navdanya, an organisation in the Indian State of Andhra Pradesh, has united 500,000 farmers in their struggle to fight chemical dependency and save indigenous seeds, including preserving over 3,000 varieties of rice.
"For five years, the United Nations Conference on Sustainable Development (CSD) had indigenous farmers from all over the globe come to speak against destructive farm practices and GMOs," King told IPS.
"During the Indigenous People's Permanent Forum, there were complaints about the harm caused by industrial agriculture and the acts in the name of agribusinesses. Farm workers like the (CIW) are protesting their fate," she added.
"They are picketing companies like Trader Joes and Whole Foods, letting the public know that their tomatoes were picked from workers who are basically slave labour."
"Third World Network is fighting back by exploring the problem of GMOs and publishing findings that scientists working on GMOs are capitalists using humans as guinea pigs in a global lab experiment," she added.
"[Numerous] deaths and disabilities have been traced back to a GM product emulating tryptophan. It took nearly 20 years to find the source of the problem," King told IPS.
"GM technology is antithetical to an agroecological approach to agriculture, our only hope for truly sustainable food production," Frees told IPS.
"Without radical change we will continue to have famines," he added. "Haiti is a good example of what happens when a country's farmers are put out of business by cheap, subsidised imports from a rich producer nation (here the U.S.)."
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20 comments on "Battle Escalates Against Genetically Modified Crops"
Following this guide I found mlyesf unable to run a seperate lighttp daemon for serving pages. Maybe you should add a note about it ;)
February 18, 2012 1:57pm
After these artificial lifeforms have killed off a significant number of us, the next step will be Soylent Green. After cancer patients have been through the medical merry-go-round with no results, the last line of treatment is organic foods. Grow your own, in self defense.
October 22, 2011 1:22pm
We grow most of our own veggies, I purchase a lot of organic meat. The idea of genetically modifying plants with animal DNA is atrocious and this all in the name or corporate success. Please world wake up, fight back.
October 03, 2011 5:47pm
Control of the food supply = control of the population.
October 03, 2011 7:51am
I'm with Yesca (Oct 2). The scientifically---and to a large extent historically--- illiterate in this hemisphere have intentionally enshrined the most evil bunch of Corporate barons the world has ever seen. These incurious cretins who enable and abet their Corporate Masters deserve way more financial ruin than they are getting. The religious evangelical drones need a lot of Biblically proportioned suffering, too, for their theocratic salting in politics. Science is the only way out but it seems to have been auctioned to the Corporatocracy for good. Shame on the average American citizen for consistently destroying We The People. May their sick empire descend on their empty heads, FAST.
October 03, 2011 7:52am
Oops. "salting" should read dallying.
October 03, 2011 7:19am
Here is a kicker, genetically modified foods....aka.....genetically modified viruses to create threads to make plastics, then we store foods in those plastics and microwave in them, and ALL VIRUSES ...ALWAYS....MUTATE so we now have a virus that creates plastics, that has entered our bodies, and are creating plastic fibers INSIDE of our bodies...that the patients can feel crawling....inside of them....
This illness is called MORGELLIANS disease......IT WAS IN THE NEWS THAT PEOPLE IN DENTON TEXAS COULD ACTUALLY FEEL THE FIBERS GROWING INSIDE OF THEIR BODIES...AND SORES WOULD HAVE THOSE WHITE OR GREEN FIBERS STICKING OUT THAT COULD BE PULLED OUT WITH TWEEZERS.
Just think of the rest of the body where you could not get to them,
Recall that the proficies say in the last days, the animals will attack the people, well they didn't say what kinds of animals....
October 03, 2011 7:13am
Read the article by an India doctor where she found that animals eating genetically modified crops suffered intestinal problems, shrunken and blue ball sacks, in the first generation, and deformities and miscarriages, in second generation, and steralization in 3rd generation.
The article is India and modified foods
October 03, 2011 7:10am
Also the seed bank that was NATIONALLY....OWNED BY THE WHOLE COUNTRY, was GIVEN to those GENETIC ENGINEERS, not even sold, but why?
TO DESTROY OUR POPULATIONS THAT ARE NOT WANTED,...WITH FOODS THAT EAT HOLES IN THE INTESTINES, SHRINK THE BALL SACKS IN ANIMALS AND THEN HUMANS, CREATE DEFORMITIES IN OFFSPRINGS, AND THEN LATER STERILIZATIONS, SO THERE WON'T BE REPRODUCTIONS OF SPECIFIC GENETIC LINES.
October 02, 2011 1:42pm
All this is about is control. Control of the means & distribution of product for profit. Control of profit, and more importantly the control of facts, science.
Back in the ol’e sweet pea days I sure there were left turns in outcome every day. That data, facts were openly shared with the world.
Science as a global entity came back with what we today nonchalantly take for granted.
Many of the left turns provided hints on where right turns fixed the outcome. ‘Failures’ were published also.
Today the Biotech’s are intentionally locking up, therefore forcibly stagnating, and halting human progress. Not only in food, but energy, transportation, water, air, medicine, etc.
There are so, so many wonderful answers in science just waiting for our imaginations to shape and apply them, because that’s what we human do.
As a species, as a people, as a nation, as America. Why? Do they do this? To what nefarious end? Why, do we allow this?
October 02, 2011 12:11pm
This post is for anyone who thinks that Mendel's laws, as applied to plant hybridization, and the extreme genetic manipulation of GMO technology are comparable. There is a marked difference between selectively breeding plants to cultivate new strains from existing ones... and splicing the gene of an Atlantic cod into the cell of a tomato plant to enable it to withstand colder climates. In the case of the GMO salmon soon to be unleashed upon the earth, the genetic material of a fish that a salmon could not breed with in nature is injected into the Atlantic salmon DNA to allow the resulting mutant fish to grow year-round. Transgenic crops have been proven to be harmful to insect life, not to mention are completely unnaturally occurring mutations that cross not only species, but genera as well. Genetically modified potatoes have been shown to cause organ damage and pre-cancerous cell growth in rats (but the scientist who accidentally discovered that got fired from his job rather than rewarded). Maybe some people don't really understand exactly what GMO technology actually is, but they should. I believe people would reject the technology if they understood that it's about profit and control of food production, not feeding the world cheaply and healthily. GMO companies know this, and that's why they spend so much lobbying to keep industry watchdogs more than off their backs. The very organizations we have established to protect what we consume are actually on their side (read bought off). As we have proven already, it doesn't take long to wreck an ecosystem as small and fragile as a planet. GMO proliferation is but one more nail, among many, in humanity's coffin, if we allow it to continue. Don't eat GMO foods. Join a food COOP. Eat organic food, and educate yourself.
October 02, 2011 11:52am
Wake up...... there is a big difference between controlled breeding by choosing select plants ... and ... inserting foreign genes into a plant's DNA so that it is toxic to insects or that it can tolerate overspraying with a herbicide such as Roundup..... called Round Up Ready seeds..... corn, soybeans, cotton, canola....... Sounds like you have been listening to the big money people. One that is not yet acceptable to the public is a terminator gene. When they do that, all grains produced will be sterile, you can't save your seeds to replant, then you will be a slave to Monsanto..... Monsanto will control all food.
John, hybrids from combining plant varieties is one thing. Do you really want to eat food which was grown with built-in chemical pesticides? Or how about mixing animal DNA with plant DNA? Do you want a company like Monsanto to control what farmers are allowed to plant or to seize a farmer's crop or force him to pay them royalties because pollen from their genetically corrupted crops blew into an organic farmer's land? How many times have we been told by chemical companies or the government that a something is safe only to learn in a few years or decades that it causes disease, death, or unwanted genetic mutations?
October 02, 2011 11:47am
You don't understand, the GM technique is adapted from your cells and teach them, how to implement foreign parts inside themselves. There lies the danger.If we modify by selection, we copy the nature. By modifying on cellular base with artificial methods not proven yet not to be harmless, we could do great harm. In England scientist even genitacly modify human cells - and grow them.What creatures will we create? Are we god?How can we have a patent on nature? We haven't created really anything new, just re-assembled and modified. Can I really claim a patent by using inside a Toyota parts from a Chevrolet? Even if we grind off some to make them fit, do I have created anything new?Can they claim your DNA? Should they be able to? Where their greed will end?Why I can not choose what I eat? Don't forget, you are what you eat!All your diseases and illness is coming from what you eat and breath.George, member of the dying human race!father of two kids with what future?
October 02, 2011 12:34pm
@ new: it's necessary to have an understanding of the science behind crop modification to make a statement about "what we already eat". Food modification has indeed been practiced for centuries, in the form of selective breeding which involves reseeding or rebreeding only the specimens that tend toward or achieve your optimum. There is an enormous difference between selective breeding and genetic modification which involves inserting genes from other species and sometimes even as different as being from a different biological kingdom. It is possible to insert a gene that prevents freezing from an entirely different type of organism into another, arbitrarily through genetic modification. This can in fact have unintended consequences, such as making a food more allergenic to humans, making it distasteful to it's normal pollenators, or even, as mentioned above, creating an organism with elevated levels of tryptophan which can cause death and disability for some people. This characteristic was not discovered for twenty years, as also mentioned. The problem with genetic modification is that a gene for a specific characteristic in fact rarely occurs solo, with no other characteristics related to that gene, and so you end up often with, say, a gene that gives your potato increased resistance to a fungus also carrying a characteristic for increased levels of a chemical that has toxic effects. As stated above "...attorney Steven Druker in 1999 obtained 40,000 pages of FDA files containing 'memorandum after memorandum warning about the hazards of (GE) food,' including the likelihood that they contained, 'toxins, carcinogens or allergens' ".
I have heard statements that investigators are somehow motivated by some kind of ulterior motives, that they are glory-seeking soapboxers or such: I find such claims laughable at the very least, since generally what they can expect for their trouble is harassment and even loss of employment. It takes courage and determination to do that work, and there's no "vested interest" possible in it, other than an altruistic desire to protect the health of the consumer. Manufacturers, however, have an enormous vested interest in representing their product as harmless, and as well in producing it with either the least expense, or with methods that will profit them additionally (such as producing seed for a crop designed to be used with their pesticides or herbicides, and no other). Agribusiness is a dirty game.
In the UK some years back, a government biologist experimented with GM potatoes, feeding them to one group of rats, while feeding another control group non-GM potatoes. His studies showed that the rats fed on a diet of GM potatoes developed immune deficiencies. He published a paper on this, and was dismissed from his position for his trouble, but the cat was out of the bag, other research followed overseas, and the anti-GMO forces gathered strength in Europe. In America, where most research is now funded by the very corporations who have a vested interest in approval, a much tighter lid has been kept on research into the unintended consequences of genetically modifying foods, and corporate ownership of most major media assures that research information is not readily available in major media outlets (like, for example, "USA today", or any television network news source) from research done in other countries, unless people know where to look, and are willing to take the time, which few people are, apparently. I believe that stems from first, people not having a lot of free time to do so, and secondly the expectation that the government will protect them. Unfortunately, we must all remain vigilant for our own protection, because greed and corruption we shall always have with us, their being hardwired into human nature. When people get into positions of power, unfortunately, it seems to bring those characteristics to the fore in their behavior.
Concluding, I would say, before making a statement such as you have made, it would behoove you to read the text of the article more closely, and indeed to do some further reading in the subject, so that you're making informed statements, when you make them. There is much necessary background information to be absorbed before one can make anything like an informed statement on this issue, as it is assuredly a complex one. Your own health is at stake, and so I would urge you to undertake that task, if you care about your own well-being.
October 02, 2011 11:02am
Don't you folks realize that we eat geneticly modified food already?ALL OF THE MAJOR FOOD CROPS HAVE BEEN BRED TO IMPROVE YEILDS, RESIST DISEASES, SURVIVE DROUGHT etc...The study of modern genetics began with the breeding of flowers and peas.GET OVER IT!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!
October 04, 2011 8:02pm
It's not the same thing at all. For one thing, plant hybridization does not involve genes from other species, such as the infamous "Flavr Savr" tomato with the codfish gene. When plants are bred to improve yields, resist diseases, survive drought, etc, the desired genes are introduced into the plant through the usual reproductive methods. Not so with GMO, which basically involves ripping a portion of the plant's DNA out and replacing it (and any other nearby genes that may have been ripped out along with the target gene) with a ripped out portion of DNA from another plant or animal. Then afterwards, when something totally unforeseen occurs due to the presence of these additional genes from the transplanted DNA or because by adding a particular genetic trait to a plant can cause other genetic traits normally found in the plant to fail, or allow dormant or undiscovered genes in the plant to become active. The inexplicably unforeseen results of this are all too often disastrous.
"Inexplicably unforeseen" because I find it criminally irresponsible that people were given the OK to genetically modify foods without a thorough discussion of the negative consequences, and what contingencies were in place to mitigate and take responsibility for the problems that result.
October 03, 2011 5:49pm
Maybe you do, but some of us can still read labels and eat organically locally grown. You get over it.
There's a fundamental difference between selective breeding and standard hybridization practices and horizontal gene transfer between different phyla of organisms using viruses and viral-derived agents. GMOs have had genes IMPLANTED into them violating hundreds of millions of years of maintained genetic integrity as opposed to standard husbandry where genes are rearranged through sexual recombination. These two procedures ARE NOT ANALOGOUS and any thought to the contrary is hubris.
October 02, 2011 10:54am
i do not want genetically grown foods ! will have to move where i have enough land to grow my own !